Drug Abuse - 1279 Words

The use of and abuse of illegal and prescription drugs are a health, social, and law enforcement problem that is affecting Americans across the country. Drug abuse is destroying the lives of many teens and adults and is also destroying families in the United States. The use of drugs is a major problem in the United States among all Americans, but drug addiction is the main cause for America s troubled teens today. Exactly what is a drug? A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeutic effect in the body. Millions of people are abusing many different types of drugs today that are affecting the way the body functions. There are abused substances, which are prescription and over-the-counter medicines that prevent and†¦show more content†¦During the ages of 12 and 18 it is common to experiment with drugs and alcohol, but most teens do not realize what experimenting with drugs and alcohol can lead to in the future. There are some teens that will experiment w ith drugs and stop, or continue to use occasionally, without major problems. Others will become addicted and move on to more dangerous drugs, which will then cause to other social problems. Teens use drugs today for many reasons, including curiosity, because it feels good, to reduce stress, to feel grown up or to fit in. There is no definite way to tell who will be able to stop using drugs and who may develop serious problems and become an abuser, but there is some factors to consider in who is at risk. Teenagers at risk for developing serious alcohol and drug problems include those with a family history of substance abuse, who are depressed, who have low self-esteem, and who feel like they do not fit in or are outcasts. In America, drug use is most common among the young people age sixteen to seventeen (19.2 percent) and eighteen to twenty (17.3 percent). This is a serious problem and if the parents and families do not reach out to these teens the percentage of drug abuse and crime will only increase. Drug use among teenagers is connected with so many negative consequences. These negative consequences include increased risk of serious drug use later in life, school failure, poor judgment which may put teens at risk forShow MoreRelatedDrug Of Drug And Drug Abuse1538 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Resistance Drug use has become an increasing problem among high schoolers and teenagers around the same age. Ever since the drug war of the 1900s, drugs have been a major problem in today’s society. â€Å"Use of drugs such as opium, morphine, and other byproducts were common in twentieth century America† (Dobkin, 1998). While most students in standard high school drug education know about the use of coca leaves in Coca-Cola and the opium trade in China, drug addiction during the century is muchRead MoreDrug Abuse8640 Words   |  35 Pagesreport on ‘drug abuse’ has been made by our group to give an idea of the calamitous cause of using drugs in improper way. The report is intended to serve the purpose of providing the knowledge about drug abuse and to suggest ways to help limit drug abuse. An effort has been made on our part to include certain symptoms which indicate drug abuse. Also throughout the report, repetitive use of the drug abuse’ has been made to ins tate into the minds of the reader the cause of using drug abuse in an illicitRead MoreDrug Abuse And Addiction : Drugs977 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse/addiction Jeremy Graham May 11, 2015 Period, 5 Drug abuse and addiction Drug abuse/addiction is a major problem in Indiana that affects many individual. Several solutions such as rehab and drug classes have been tried. Yet, the best solution is taking drug classes. Many people do not understand why people become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster compulsive drug abuse. They mistakenly view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a socialRead MoreDrug Abuse2895 Words   |  12 PagesDay against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking every year. It is an exercise undertaken by the world community to sensitize the people in general and the youth in particular, to the menace of drugs. The picture is grim if the world statistics on the drugs scenario is taken into account. With a turnover of around $500 billions, it is the third largest business in the world, next to petroleum and arms trade. About 190 million people all over the world consume one drug or the other. Drug addiction causesRead MoreDrug Abuse and Prevention1510 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of prevention is to limit the availability of drugs (Hart Ksir, 2011, p. 400), but this is not essentially the best way. Addiction affects everyone. According to the National Inst itute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), substance abuse cost our nation â€Å"more than $484 billion dollars (The National Institute on Drug Abuse ).† So although you might not be directly impacted by drug abuse, as a whole your tax dollars are spent on fighting the war on drugs. Currently there are several different types of substanceRead MoreDrug Abuse On The Workplace Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Abuse in the Workplace: The human resource topic I chose to write my research paper on is â€Å"Drug Abuse in the Workplace†. Drug abuse in the workplace is something very common that many of us will encounter at some point. Alcohol and drug abuse has a major effect on employee absence and lost productively that leaves a negative working environment. It is important a company addresses the right guidelines to keep a drug free workplace. Establishing a clear and fair substanceRead MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) defines drug abuse as, â€Å" It becomes drug abuse when people use illegal drugs or use legal drugs inappropriately.† This may include; the repeated uses of drugs to produce pleasure, alleviates stress, and/or alters or avoids reality. The perception of addiction and substance abuse has been widely known for many years, but the medical community has failed to accept and publicly this issue among it own members . Drug abuse by nurses is prevalent in today societyRead MoreInjectable Drug Abuse1488 Words   |  6 PagesMEMORANDUM INJECTABLE DRUG ABUSE: GROWING CHALLENGE IN NORTH-EASTERN PART OF INDIA FROM: AE28697 TO: Ministry of development of north east affairs, India RE: Scenario C-Health and harm reduction DATE: 19 October 2013 Introduction North-east (NE) India is connected to remaining part of India through a constricted passage known as Siliguri Corridor squeezed between Nepal and Bangladesh (Hussain, 2011). It comprises of seven sister states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, NagalandRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs1487 Words   |  6 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse has increased in an alarming rate over recent years! Prescription drug related deaths now outnumber those from heroin and cocaine combined. The abuse in prescription drugs in America goes back more than a hundred years ago. Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. Although prescription medications are intended to help individuals, they canRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Abuse1143 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica has been fighting drug abuse for over a century. Four Presidents have waged a â€Å"War on Drugs† and unfortunately, this war continues to be lost at an alarming magnitude. Drug abusers continue to fill our courts, hospitals, and prisons. The drug trade causes violent crime that ravages our neighborhoods. Children of drug abusers are neglected, abused, and even abandoned. The current methods of dealing with this issue are not working. Our societ y needs to implement new and effective laws and programs

How to Write 5 Paragraphs Essay

How to Write 5 Paragraphs Essay Five-paragraph essay is one of the classic formats for compositions. Of course, it is not the only model for creating an essay, but it is rather useful one, especially for the beginners. First of all, any classical essay will contain introduction, body text and conclusion. For five-paragraph essay the body text will consist of three paragraphs. Lets see, how to distribute your thoughts to make your essay interesting and effective. Introductory paragraph. The introduction should contain some kind of thesis statement, outlining the paper and explaining what your essay is about. You need to grab readers attention, so the last sentence of your introduction should catch reader and move him to the body text. Main text: First paragraph. The first paragraph should bring the strongest argument, the brightest illustration and the most significant example. The topic for this paragraph must be in the first or second sentence. And it should be related to the thesis in the introductory paragraph. Last sentence should in smooth way transfer reader to the second paragraph. Main text: Second paragraph. Here you bring the second strong argument, second strong illustration and the second significant example. The topic of this paragraph also should be related to the thesis statement from the introduction. Main text: Third paragraph. In this part of your paper you bring the weakest argument, example and illustration. Surely, the topic of this paragraph must be connected to the thesis. The last sentence should demonstrate that the reader is approaching the final point of the paper. Concluding paragraph. This part of your work should contain the following: restatement of the thesis by different words (but not the duplicate the thesis), summary of the key points from three main text paragraphs and the final statement (in a persuasive paper it can be a call for action). If you arrange your essay in accordance with this structure, you are sure to receive a professional and easy-to-read piece of writing.

Essay on Christianity and Islam - 2205 Words

The term ‘Religion’ can be defined in a number of ways, thus there is no one definitive way to describe the term. Religion is thus â€Å"any specific system of belief about a deity, often involving rituals, a code of ethics, and a philosophy of life.† The world’s population, about 6.5 billion people are related in one way or another to specific geo- political and socio-cultural aspects that bind them together. There are a number of religions in the world today with the five largest in terms of population representation being: - Confucianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and Islam. Each having evolved in its own unique way, some remaining whole while others split into different factions due to a number of reasons with examples being†¦show more content†¦Muslims believe that Allah is one and incomparable and that the purpose of their existence is to love and serve Him. Muslims believe that Islam is the ‘complete and universal version of an ancient faith that was revealed many times before; including through Abraham, Moses, and Jesus among others who are all considered prophets in the religion.’ Muslims maintain that the revelations and messages of previous times have all been partially corrupted or changed over time, but they consider the Qur’an to be ‘both the final and unaltered revelation of God.’ Religious practices and concepts include the five pillars of Islam (that are obligatory acts and basic concepts of worship), following the Islamic Law (that touches on all aspects of society and life), providing guidance on a myriad of issues concerning welfare, the environment, banking and warfare. The Sunni form majority of the Muslim population, accounting for almost 75% of the whole, while the Shia accounts for the other remaining 25% of the population. Indonesia hosts about 13% of the Muslim population thus making it the largest Muslim country. It was founded in the year 622 CE, by the prophet Muhammad, with the religion starting in Mecca. This happened when the angel Gabriel read the first revelation to Muhammad. He is regarded as the restorer of the uncorrupted original monotheistic faith of past prophets such as Adam, Moses, Abraham, Jesus andShow MoreRelatedIslam And Christianity : Christianity And Islam1684 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Slattery World Religions November 11, 2014 Islam and Christianity There are 7 billion people living all around the world. Everybody has grown up enriched in different cultures, beliefs, traditions, and social standings. Each person, with their own developed views of the world, following a religion such as Christianity and Islam or specifically choosing not to follow a religion, even have many similarities. Christianity and Islam, both, follow by a sacred book of their God’s word althoughRead MoreChristianity And Islam : Islam1317 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and Islam in Premodern Africa Christianity and Islam date back to a time long before the modern era and both have sizable similarities between the two religions. Many of these similarities can be simplified into three subjects; both have books comprised of holy texts written about events taking place during their prophet’s life, both are believed to have started with God appointed leaders, and both consist of different divisions within their religion. Christianity starting with theRead MoreChristianity And Islam : Islam937 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM.† Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, with over 2 billion Christian, and 1.5 billion Muslim followers. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ approximately 2000 years ago in Palestine. Bible is collection of 66 books containing a message from God. The Muslim name for God is Allah. Islam is based on revelations received by the prophet Mohammad and originated in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Quran, is the Islamic sacred text. Both are monotheisticRead MoreIslam, Christianity, And Islam1945 Words   |  8 Pagesexponentially is Islam. Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in the world and is estimated to grow in the years to come. With Islam spreading across the world and many people converting, this will have an effect on the religion itself; the teachings will be shaped by the cultures and ethnicities of the area. Thus, Islam will differ from country to country. Not only that, with Islam spreading it has caused some controversies. Since a lot of people do not understand Islam, it is often confusedRead MoreIslam : Christianity And Islam Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesIslam is one of the second largest religions in the world with Christianity as the first (Catholicism being the largest denomination). A report from the Vatican, in 2008, stated that 19 percent of the world’s population is made up of Islam, while Catholics make up only 17.4 percent of world’s population. Both Catholicism and Islam have branched off Judaism and share many similarities such as the idea of life after death. Just like Catholicism, Islam is a monotheistic religion which means that theyRead MoreChristianity and Islam763 Words   |  4 Pagescenturies, there is not an exact number of how many religions exist, but it is closely estimated to be over 4,200. Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world and though they have many similarities, they also have vast differences. Unfortunately it is hard to say or believe if they will ever reconcile because of their differences. Inherited from Judaism, Islam and Christianity are beliefs that believe that God created the world and cares about the behavior and beliefs of human beingsRead MoreComparing Islam And Christianity And Islam1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthat will be different due to preconceptions and fundamental beliefs. Comparing and contrasting Islam and Christianity, is a wonderful example of these differences based on fundamental beliefs. This concept is explored in the rest of this work through critically accessing Chr istian and Muslim views on the question of origin, identity, meaning and purpose, morality, and destiny. Islam and Christianity are in agreement that the origin of both living things and man were created by God himself. TheRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam992 Words   |  4 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam are three of the most recognized monotheistic religions worldwide. These religions are often referred to as the Abrahamic religions because of their history to the founding father, Abraham. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are closely related with varying differences. Christianity was born from within the Jewish tradition, and Islam developed from both Christianity and Judaism. We take a look at some of the major similarities and major differences of these widely practicedRead MoreChristianity vs Islam1485 Words   |  6 Pagesthe surface, Islam and Christianity appear to have very little in common, however, as you get deeper into areas such as rituals, beliefs, ethics, founders, and sacred objects, the two show strong mutual similarities, particularly in the fundamenta l areas. In this essay I will compare and contrast the doctrines that make up the worlds largest and most recognized religions, Christianity and Islam. The word Islam means surrenderRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1052 Words   |  5 PagesAubrey Fletcher 3/9/15 Humanities Professor Michaud 417868 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam There are roughly 4,200 different religions in the world today, among them the largest are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These three religions are more similar then one would think. Christianity is the largest religion in the world with 2 billion followers and are called Christians. Islam is the second largest religion in the world with 1.3 billion followers. They are called Muslims, which means â€Å"one

My Philosophy of Education is Progressivism - 1372 Words

I believe the essence of education includes growth. The purpose of education is not to just fill our head with lots of information, but to discover your uniqueness and to teach us how to develop it, and to show us how to, in return, give it away. Once you learn something in life, you should be able to absorb it in a way to use it in your life and then in turn pass it on to someone else in order to contribute to their growth as well. I also believe that the essence of education includes knowledge and skills. Once you are educated on a matter you obtain knowledge and/or skill. Education is understood as the artiï ¬ cial extension of human ability to learn, as the product of learner’s own efforts (Sidorkin, 2011). My philosophy on education falls under progressivism. The theory of progressivism suggests the nature of the learner refers to how each learner learns. I believe that learners are in part unique, free choosing and responsible people whom are made up of intelle ct and emotion. A learner is anyone whom is open to learning or obtaining knowledge. A learner is one who can obtain and process information which can be used in life currently or can be later applied. Everyone has held the position of a learner even in the simplest form of the term. Learning happens at the very first stages of life; learning to eat, cry, walk, talk, and even learning to exist. Preferred instructional strategies for diverse learners. There are several forms of diversity in theShow MoreRelatedConstructivism And Progressivism Are My Philosophies Of Education962 Words   |  4 PagesConstructivism and Progressivism are my philosophies of education, I am an art teacher and working to be an art professor and therefore have a progressive attitude with constructing art. As I began learning and traveling down this path to becoming an art educator, my main goal was to inspire and help students to structure themselves on the building blocks of the arts. This however ch anged as time went on, my passion grew and so did my philosophy of education. At first glance, my philosophy was more so ofRead MoreProgressivism and Existentialism: My Beliefs Regarding the Philosophy of Education734 Words   |  3 PagesMy intended mission as a teacher is to impact students lives with effective instruction that brings out their own highest potentials through learning. Being a teacher is appealing to me because it would provide me with the opportunity to have a career where I could really make a difference in the lives of students, supporting them while they develop knowledge and integrate this knowledge with the world around them. I firmly believe that teachers have the responsibility to provide students with guidingRead More My Philosophy of Education: Combining Progressivism, Essentialism and Behaviorism826 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education: Combining Progressivism, Essentialism and Behaviorism Upon being faced with the task of writing my philosophy of teaching, I made many attempts to narrow the basis for my philosophy down to one or two simple ideas. However, I quickly came to the realization that my personal teaching philosophy stems from many other ideas, philosophies, and personal experiences. I then concentrated my efforts on finding the strongest points of my personal beliefs aboutRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents were highly educatedRead MoreEssay on History of Philosophy 1225 Words   |  5 PagesI have simply accepted education as it has been presented me, blind to fact that there was any kind of well developed philosophy behind it. After being introduced to the main educational philosophies, perennialism, essentialism, progressivism and social resconstructionism, I have had the opportunity to decide for myself which ones I believe in and why. I must agree with Thomas Locke that we are born into this world a blank slate. Living in such an affluent society, education in America is providedRead MoreEssay philosophy of education545 Words   |  3 Pages Progressivism My personal philosophy of education is most closely related to progressivism, which is a school of thought advocating that truth is determined by function. Progressivism is an educational philosophy focused on providing students with the skills and knowledge necessary not only to survive but also to succeed in a contemporary and competitive society. William James and John Dewey are accredited for developing the characteristically American philosophy of education that is progressivismRead MoreProgressivism : Progressivism For A Progressive Society1643 Words   |  7 PagesProgressivism in Education: Progressivism for a Progressive Society There are five different philosophies of education that educators can choose from. The philosophies of education are essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, social reconstructionism, and existentialism. A teachers’ philosophy of education defines how they run their classroom, maintain classroom management, and expect their students to learn. For me, I have chosen the philosophy of progressivism. Progressivism is a student centeredRead More My Philosophy of Education Essay603 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education There are four main schools of philosophy in education: Perennialism, Progressivism, Essentialism and Existentialism. The results of my philosophy of education module showed that I am very eclectic, with the strongest attributes being in Progressivism and Essentialism. My lowest attribute in the module was Existentialism. Let’s study each of the schools and my relation to them in the order that they were scored in my module: Progressivism, Essentialism, PerennialismRead MoreWhy I Should Be A Teacher1076 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant because not all jobs have that. I feel like in order to be a teacher I need to have compassion for My students. As a teacher, I want to care for my students and show them appreciation. I want my students to succeed in what they want in life. According to Ferlazzo (2015), â€Å"Students work hardest for teachers they like and respect. When I am asked, â€Å"How do I get students to like and respect me?† my immediate response is, â⠂¬ËœLike and respect them first.’† I believe this whole heartedly because I haveRead MoreEssay on I Want to Be Part of the Future605 Words   |  3 PagesPart of the Future I believe that education is the hope of the future, and as an educator I will be an important part of that future. Behind every president, doctor, lawyer, and parent there was a teacher. I believe that all children can learn and should be provided with the opportunity to do so. Education should be equal and without prejudice. Education should be provided to all children in accordance with their ability. Education should foster each child’s feelings of community

Medieval Medicine Free Essays

Shaan Sarode Ms. Davis English IV – Per. 3 20 October 2010 Impact of Medieval Medicine Imagine when a friend gets sick or catches a â€Å"bug†, they may have two different reactions to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Medieval Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first is the realistic approach, which re-visits their recent actions and pinpoints the cause of the symptoms. The other is the non-realistic, which tends to blame supernatural causes. People during the medieval times almost always blamed the supernatural as the cause of these diseases. There were also many limitations in the amount of scientific advancement because of the church.In modern days, we may take for granted the achievements that have been made over the centuries, but these break-troughs could not have been realized, without the foundation and work of scientists during the medieval time. Medieval medicine affected all parts of life in those times, from scientific to social, and in positive and negative ways. Medieval medicine had too many influences from the church which therefore hindered its progress. Most of the treatments and beliefs in folk medicine were mystical or magical, and had its basis in sources that were not agreed upon in the Christian faith. Remedies included spells and incantations, but later these had to be replaced with Christian prayers or devotions. The church taught that diseases or ailments were sent by God as a punishment for wrong doing, so many people resisted the explanations of illness. Therefore advancement in medicine was generally frowned upon. The main setback was that, â€Å"scholarship fell into the religious sphere, and clerics were more interested in curing the soul than the body. † (Terry 1)As sanitation and hygiene worsened with the increasing population in England and other parts of Europe, diseases were rampant. â€Å"Medieval Europe did not have an adequate health system. † (Odunsi 5) Edward the III complained to the Lord Mayor of London: â€Å"Cause the human faeces and other filth lying in the streets and lanes in the city to be removed with all speed to places far distant, so that no greater cause of mortality may arise from such smells. † (Trueman 1) Some people blamed the stench of waste to cause illnesses.Astronomers blamed the planets and their un-alignment. Everyone had their own opinions on the matter as there wasn’t any hard evidence of the actual cause. Another dilemma to the people was the matter of how the diseases spread. As most of the population consisted of farmers in those times, they had little or no, formal education. So when someone acquired a disease, they went to their local physician, which was an all-around doctor. Physicians were scarce, but seen as skilled people because of their ‘knowledge. In reality, their work was based on a very poor knowledge of the human anatomy. (Trueman 3) The affect of medical studies, cures, and its problems left society vulnerable to, in fact more diseases. As people were unaware of the causes and cures, they relied on local physicians who weren’t exactly well versed. This may in turn result in a misdiagnosis and the patient ending up more ill or dead. This dilemma pushed people to seek their own remedies. The most interesting part of medicine in the medieval times was the remedy and curing.These varied throughout society depending on your background, wealth, and religiousness. Some, more religiously bound â€Å"doctors told patients that a pilgrimage to a holy shrine to show your love of God would cure them of illnesses especially if they had some holy water sold at the place of pilgrimage. † (Truman 1) As one can see, any treatment that you thought was right could have worked better than another, as cures were based on more of a philosophical look rather than with scientific back-up.Some weird cures were to hold a candle close to your teeth to burn of the worms on the teeth. Another was to cut a hole in someone’s skull to let out bad spirits, which was supposed to cure their mental disease. All in all, medieval medicine had impacts on society, but was mainly influenced by the thinking and ideas of the time. Works Cited Odunsi, Yolonda. â€Å"Health: What was it really like to live in the middle ages? † Washington, D. C. : Annenberg Media, 1997. Web. How to cite Medieval Medicine, Papers

The Odyssey The Use Of Hubris Essay free essay sample

The Odyssey: The Use Of Hubris Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; There is no safety in limitless hubris # 8221 ; ( McGeorge Bundy ) . The dictionary defines hubris as overbearing pride or given ; haughtiness. In The Odyssey, Homer embodies hubris into the characters Odysseus, the Suitors, and the Cyclopes. Odysseus shows hubris when he is combating the Cyclopes, the Cyclopes show hubris when covering with Odysseus, and the Suitors show it when Odysseus confronts them at his place. To get down, within the class of The Odyssey, Odysseus displays hubris through many of his actions. The most outstanding case in which Odysseus shows hubris is while he and his work forces are seeking to get away from the Cyclops Polyphemus. They drug the monster until it passes out, and so stab him with a lumber in his individual oculus. Polyphemus, now blinded, removes the mammoth bowlder barricading Odysseus # 8217 ; flight, and delaies for the work forces to travel, so he can kill them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey The Use Of Hubris Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The work forces escape from the cave to their boat by binding themselves under flocks of random-access memories, so they can easy steal by. Odysseus, now proud after crushing the giant, starts to shout at Polyphemus, alternatively of doing a soundless Es ness. Odysseus’ work forces inquire him to halt before Polyphemus would â€Å"get the scope and lob a boulder† ( 436 ) . But Odysseus shows hubris by stating that if they were to run into once more, Odysseus would â€Å"take your life† and â€Å"hurl you down to hell! † ( 462 ; 463 ) . Polyphemus, now highly angry with Odysseus, prays to his male parent, Poseidon, to do Odysseus â€Å"never see his home† once more, and after which, throws a mountain towards the sound of Odysseus’ voice. ( 470 ) . Because of Odysseus’ hubris after blinding Polyphemus, Poseidon grants the supplication, and it takes Odysseus 20 old ages to return place, at the cost of the lives of all his work forces. Following, Polyphemus demonstrates hubris by believing that because he is a elephantine, he is unbeatable by anyone, even a God. This is shown when Odysseus meets Polyphemus and greets him with gifts, as it is a usage to demo courtesy to hosts and invitees likewise, ( unexpected or non ) . Failure to give gifts can take to avenge from the Gods. Odysseus tells Polyphemus # 8230 ; The remainder of the paper is available free of charge to our registered users. The enrollment procedure merely couldn # 8217 ; t be easier. Log in or registry now. It is all free!

Causes and Correlates of Adolescent Drug

Question: Discuss about the Causes and Correlates of Adolescent Drug. Answer: Introduction: Experimentation with illicit drugs and substance use is common among youth population. This is the most common reason for early onset of drugs which exposes youth to developmental harm and risk of developing mental health problems. Early onset of drug is also associated with depression, anxiety, psychosis and educational under achievement among youth population. Due to such harm and health risk to youth population, it is necessary to evaluate how far policies and programs implemented for preventing early drug onset among youths have mitigated different risk factors of drug abuse (Modesto-Lowe et al. 2008). The essay particularly evaluates the effectives of this program and preventive strategies to identify strength and weakness in approach. Based on this evaluation, it recommends possible steps to improve current strategies to delay the onset of drugs. Preventative strategies for youth drug onset: Educational programs: As there is emphasis on early intervention to reduce the cost and harm associated with early drug onset among youths, it is necessary to evaluate education programs implemented for youths in Australia. The review of such school based educational programs for preventing alcohol and other drugs revealed that the school-based program has harm minimization goal and it mainly employed the principle of social influence approach or cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). By this approach, youth were taught to resist external pressure and strengthen their coping skills. CBT helped to analyse and modify the negative thinking pattern and behavior of school children. The CLIMATE program for alcohol and cannabis and other programs like SHAHRP, Life Education, Greenhouse project and Resilient Family Intervention gave mixed results. While CLIMATE, SHAHRP and greenhouse projects have significant effect in reducing risk, the other two programs gave no significant results. The main strength of these inter ventions was that the program was implemented by means of a computer-delivery method. This minimized the cost involved in recruiting and training the staffs for education and guaranteed flexible and consistent delivery of information. However, minimum efficacy was found for those schools which had minimum resource for internet based delivery of prevention and where teachers failed to adapt the program according to the needs of particular school (Teesson et al. 2012). Hence, in the future, it is necessary that resource of the school is developed to deliver internet-based educational program to promote efficacy. The key teachings of the educational program should also be supported by evidence (Bonomo and Bowes 2001). As the above evaluation suggested lack of resource regarding computer based program behind the reason for poor outcome of the program, this section particularly evaluates the effectiveness of the universal computer-based Climate School psycho-stimulants and cannabis module. In the randomized controlled study with secondary school children in Australia, students were randomized to computer-based Climate schools program and the usual health classes group. The Climate program was based on social influence approach to harm minimisation. The impact of the Climate Schools program on school children was that they decreased pro-drug attitude due to better awareness about the ill-effects of cannabis and psychostimulants. The frequency of experimentation use of drugs among children significantly reduced which resulted in subdued uptake. In comparison with children who received usual drug education, climate school group children had better used cannabis less often. The advantaged of computer-ba sed delivery was that use of cartoon story raised interest among children and they could recall the information very well. However, one limitation of the Climate School program is that although it reduced childrens intention to use meth/amphetamine among youths, it could not sustain these intention for longer time (Vogl et al. 2014). Hence, to sustain the long-term knowledge and preventive behavior related to early drug onset, it is necessary to continue ongoing intervention in a sequential and regular pattern. The feasibility of the program can be further increased by encouraging children to bring their own laptop to schools. Among all the alcohol education programs implemented in schools, the Climate Schools, All Stars and Project ALERT was most effective in yielding positive results for children. Many other programs lacked efficacy because of poor quality of research and inconsistency in approach. The programs which gave evidence of good effect included revealed use of multiple peer-reviewed publications as the reason for good outcome in such programs (Roche et al. 2014). Similarly, the study regarding primary school drug education in UK indicated that impact cannot be measure as understanding of true effects requires long timescale. Therefore, the study suggested that those programs are successful that are long-term and intensive on their goals and employ interacting teaching styles and wider community to mitigate the early drug use (Lloyd et al. 2000). Hence, the review suggest that most effective alcohol education program is dependent on availability of effective resource such as managing accessibili ty issues and training staffs in efficiently adapting the program in school setting. Furthermore, extension of supportive network is also essential to guarantee the success of the program such as collaboration with families and local community to bring a cultural change and reinforce preventive message not just in schools but at family and community level too. Preventative strategies for youth drug onset: policies: The National Drug Strategy (NDS) is one of the policies regarding the prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia. This was a supply reduction and harm reduction strategy to disrupt supply of illicit drugs, prevent uptake of harmful drugs and reduce drug related to harm to people. The National Drug Strategic Framework was implemented in Australia in 2004 which provided a balanced approach to reducing the supply and demand of drugs. Apart from training, monitoring and evaluation, the policy also focussed on research and other measures to prevent the harm associated with drug use (National Drug Strategy - National Drug Strategic Framework 2017). The goal of the national policy was to set an evidence based prevention agenda by means of strategic mapping of system and pathways that are interconnected with risk factors and outcome. The strategy was effective as it dependent on extensive review of scientific literature to implement corrective actions for the community. Extensiv e research was done in all areas related to efficacy of different risk and protection model, cost-effectiveness of alcohol and drug interventions, legal status of drugs, patterns of use in early years and impact on individual and families (Butler 2005). There is strong implication of the efficacy of this policy. The developments and actions mentioned in this policy can guide public level action reducing the harm of drug use among youths. In future, there is a need to invest in early childhood development and maximize human potential to take full advantage of the protection and risk reduction approach to prevention of drugs. Cannabis is one of the drugs highly used by adolescent children and young adults. They intermittently use this drug till the age of 20 for experimentation purpose and very few of them proceed to long-term regular use. Considering the high prevalence of lifetime use among females in between 1995 to 2000, a vigorous campaign was launched to take action against this practice. To distinguish harm reduction as a policy goal, the main criteria was to include harm reduction as a primary goal and to plan strategies that can bring net-reduction in drug-related harm. Some of the issues found in the strategy of harm reduction is that lack of longitudinal research on adverse health effects delayed making causal inferences. Secondly, the irrational policy and drug law reform acted as an obstacle in evaluation of action for explicit harm reduction. This issue is widely found in raising awareness regarding harm reduction for cannabis. The most probable chronic harm of regular use include cannabis d ependence syndrome, cognitive impairment, respiratory distress and the harm related to acute use include psychological impact such as dysphoria, panic attacks and paranoia. As adolescents particularly belong to high-risk group for adverse effect of cannabis, there is a need to consider legal harm of preventive cannabis use among youths (Swift et al. 2000). There is a need to develop a balance between harm reduction approach and acceptable public message so that other issues are not exacerbated. A realistic and flexible approach will help to yield positive results. Recent research findings should also be included in the strategy to reduce the harm related to enhance health and well-being of society. There is great argument regarding the implementation of the harm reduction approach into an adolescent context. This debate exists due to the views on zero tolerance and legalization of certain drugs. Zero tolerance approach is also not ethically correct because abrupt ban or disruption may also harm addicted individual or youths. Zero tolerance promotes complete prohibition of any form of drug use. On the other hand, legalization and decriminalization of drugs involves removing criminal sanction for possession and sale of drugs. Many oppose these two steps as by this means drug use will further increase among youths (Bonomo and Bowes 2001). Harm reduction approach can balance these two extreme issues by means of implementing two forms of strategies. The first may focus on reducing harms among drug users and other may focus on those vulnerable to initiating drug use. For example, educational campaigns related to safely injecting drugs can reduce blood borne infection and educational strategies on social context can educate young children about the risk of this drugs in their development stage. This would be a rational and relevant approach to achieve better response and prevent drug-related harm. Recommendation to improve program or strategies to current program and strategies: The review and evaluation of current program and strategies to delay the age of drug onset presents weakness in approach resulting in poor response or wide issues at public level. Although some programs were found to be highly effective in integrating right resource to reduce the use of drugs, other programs failed due to lack of adequate infrastructure and training in staff regarding implementing the program. This problem was mainly seen in educational program implemented at school level. For instance, Climate school program was highly efficacious in reducing drug related in harm in school children, however poor outcome was seen due to limitations in infrastructure and design of the program. To improve the performance of school-based educational program in reducing risk of drug use, there is a need to specifically target high-risk group adolescents. The advantage of focusing on high-risk group is that it will maximize preventive outcome for high-risk students as well as lead to positive health behaviour in other youths (Teesson et al. 2012). Secondly limitation found from the evaluation of approach was that educational programs and modules were prepared without integration of peer-reviewed intervention strategies to prevent drug use. This resulted in poor quality of prevention programs resulting in poor or moderate outcome. Hence, extensive research is required while preparing educational modules so that evidence based public intervention is delivered and the program has the potential to improve health behaviour in long-term too (Jenson and Fraser 2015). Improvement in primary prevention strategies for drug prevention is also necessary so and it should be based on theoretical foundation for prevention. For example, while designing educational programs, social determinants, risk and protective factors of health should be adequately covered (Munro and Ramsden, 2017). There are various public health system model available and selecting of these models should depend on the setting, context and severity of drug use issue in target group. Community based approach is necessary so that not just youths, but teachers, parents and local community groups are involved in curbing the menace of high drug use among children. To promote success of intervention, infrastructure and program should be tailored to the needs of the local community and keys actions should be consistent with overall program objectives (Spooner 2009). Conclusion: The essay focused on the public health issue of high prevalence and early onset of drug use among youths. 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